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Bram Stoker's "Count Dracula"

The original folklore of the legends of vampires, Bram Stoker's novel was popular amongst Victorian readers and beyond. 

By Will Street

Jul. 25, 2019, 11:30 AM

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Introduction

It’s 1897 and Queen Victoria, the reigning monarch, is coming towards the end of her life span. Although advancements have been made in the enfranchisement of urban working men meeting the property qualifications (brought in with the “Representation of the People Act” or Second Reform Act 1867) Victorian British society’s views concerning suppressed sexual desire on the other hand remain largely patriarchal and conservative. 

 

However, Bram Stoker would produce a novel, comprised of letters and anecdotes, that explored the repressed sexual desires of leading characters. And prove it be popular with Victorian readers no less. Bram Stoker’s Gothic novel was enormously popular with contemporary readers and is one of the most popular novels concerning folklore and mythology of all time. Its creation has sparked a whole genre of future horror films and novels. Below, I examine Bram Stocker’s work in more detail.

Plot 

Bram Stoker’s story is constructed as a series of a notes and letters sent by different characters. The storyline begins with a letter from Jonathon Harker, a young English lawyer who travels to Transylvania, intending to finalise a property transaction with a client, a one Count Dracula. However, upon arrival in Transylvania, the local citizens react with terror when he reveals the place of his visit - Castle Dracula. 

 

Immediately having met with Count Dracula, Harker notices straight away the Count’s pale and gaunt appearance, and peculiar habits. Yet further, when Harker cuts himself whilst shaving, the young lawyer witnesses Dracula lunge at his throat. Thus follows an encounter with three female vampires, very nearly resulting in the protagonist’s demise. Hereupon, Harker realises that Count Dracula is indeed a vampire, survives via eating human blood, and, it seems, Harker himself is the Count’s next victim. Dutifully he attacks his host, but, instead, having been unsuccessful, the forlorn and wearied lawyer is locked inside the castle, while the Count departs to England. 

 

Moving towards England in the scrambled narrative, the next figment involves Harker’s fiancé, Mina, meeting a friend called Lucy who has recently got engaged after previously having rejected several previous suitors. Lucy is, alas, suffering from her old habit of sleepwalking. One time Mina finds Lucy outside a graveyard, noticing at that point also a shadowy figure arching over her as well. Later, Mina notices two small red marks on Lucy’s neck, which, she surmises, must been have been caused when Mina accidentally pricked her with a pen.

 

Yet, alas. Over the following days, Lucy falls ill and at one point is seen aside a bat. Mina departs in search of Harker, leaving Lucy in the care of Dr. Seward and Dr. Van Helsing who treat her using garlic, yet nonetheless the young woman dies. Jonathon, having escaped from the castle, together with his now wife, Mina, both return to England, where they meet with Dr. Van Helsing and judge that Lucy must have contracted vampirism. Accordingly, they unearth her corpse and spike her with a steak through the heart. Thereupon, having realised that Dracula relies on 50 boxes of dirt from his homeland, Transylvania, to travel overseas, the group track the Count himself down and eventually kill him by driving a steak through his heart, thereby bringing an end to the tale.

Analysis 

It is very likely that Bram Stoker drew the inspiration for his novel from the name itself, “Dracula”. Someone who was known popularly as Drāculea, meaning “son of Dracul” was indeed the Transylvanian ruler, Vlad III, who was better known as Vlad “The Impaler” because of his barbaric nature. His father had gained the surname after being appointed to a knightly order called “The Order of The Dragon.” The Latin word for dragon is “Draco”, bringing yet further a proximity to Stoker’s protagonist. 

 

Bram Stoker found the translation on a holiday in Whitby and Vlad III was known to have had many vampirist tendencies, legend claiming for instance that he would dip bread in the blood of victims being impaled across a steak. Stoker, therefore, brought his sources together to produce the legendary “Count Dracula” of his novel. 

 

But, encapsulating the scope of his message, “Dracula” has been read as an expression of anxiety concerning Eastern Europeans invading Western Europe, as they do in parts of the novel. Similarly the desire for blood imitates an ardent sexual yearning, as opposed to the stringent morality of the age, accentuated yet further by the female desires that were parochially subdued in contemporary Britain. Evident nonetheless, is the latent reliance on men and chaperones, the female characters require for defence against the vampires.

Legacy 

Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”, imbued with myth and folklore, was the original beginnings of the vampire trope that would be used again in many later means of culture. In 1922, it was the bedrock source for the German Expressionist film “Nosferatu” and, by the time of the 21st Century, a mainstay of the horror genre. Thus, as a Victorian wonder a mythology, folklore and horror, Stoker had brought to life a pantomime horror that still enthrals our hearts today. Join us, therefore, at zowcha.com, in saluting Bram Stoker’s “Count Dracula”. 

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